Narcissism is a personality trait marked by an inflated sense of self-importance, a deep need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.

Many people have some narcissistic traits. But when these traits are more deeply ingrained and pronounced, they can interfere with our relationships, work, or sense of identity.

Research has consistently shown that high levels of narcissism are associated with psychological suffering in the form of depression, emotion dysregulation, strained relationships, loneliness, and increased substance misuse and risk-taking.[1] Studies have also shown that men tend to display slightly more narcissistic traits than women.[2]

TYPES OF NARCISSISM

Narcissism can present with different maladaptive coping mechanisms that are often categorized into narcissistic grandiosity or narcissistic vulnerability.[3] Grandiose Narcissism can show up as:

  • An inflated sense of importance
  • Craving admiration
  • Assertiveness, charm, charisma
  • Willingness to exploit others for self-gain

Vulnerable Narcissism, sometimes called Covert Narcissism is characterized by:

  • Being easily hurt by perceived slights
  • Social withdrawal despite craving validation
  • Feelings of inadequacy and envy
  • Covert self-centeredness

NARCISSISM QUIZ

If any of the above traits sound like they might apply to you, you could be suffering from problematic levels of narcissism. Take the free, anonymous test below to see where you stand. It doesn’t provide a formal diagnosis, but tailored feedback will be provided based on your responses. You can also print your results to use as a conversation starter with a therapist or healthcare professional.

Disclaimer

This assessment is based on the Super-Brief Pathological Narcissism Inventory, a psychometrically-validated tool that is used in clinical and research settings to screen for pathological narcissism.

This assessment tool should not be used on its own for self-diagnosis. You may wish to save or print your results to share with your primary healthcare provider as a way of starting a conversation.

Privacy

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References

  1. Ronningstam, E. (2011). Narcissistic personality disorder: A clinical perspective. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 17(2), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000396060.67150.40
  2. Grijalva, E., Newman, D. A., Tay, L., Donnellan, M. B., Harms, P. D., Robins, R. W., & Yan, T. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 141(2), 261-310. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038231
  3. Ogrodniczuk, J.S. (2013). Understanding and treating pathological narcissism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.